Spending on research and development
(conducted domestically, in DM bn.)*
Research sector 1971 1981 1991 1996
Non-university research institutions Universities and other higher education institutions Private industry 3.01
3.50 10.70 5.79
6.39 26.61 10.70
12.20 51.70 11.50
15.26 53.10
Total 17.21 38.79 74.60 79.86

into new products and production procedures in order to seize the opportunities afforded by new markets.