The Public Service : Germany

The public service encompasses all people employed by the Federation, the states and the municipalities as well as those employed by other corporations, institutions and foundations under public law. On 30 June 1995, a total of about 5.2 million people were employed by the public service. 1.76 million (33.9 percent) of them were professional civil servants, judges and soldiers, 2.55 million (49.2 percent) were salaried employees, and 890,000 (16.9 percent) were wage earners. The Federation employed 10.4 percent of all public service employees, the states 46.7 percent, and the municipalities 42.9 percent.