When the Republic of Cyprus was accomplished in 1960, 60 % of Turkish Cypriots lived in villages. The rest lived in the five urban centers of Nicosia, Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol, and Paphos. Few Turkish Cypriots lived in Kyrenia. During the time of intercommunal conflict, the urban-rural distribution of the Turkish Cypriot population was unclear because of the thousands of refugees living in tents and temporary shelters. After the de facto division of the island in 1974, there was a gradual change in the urban-rural ratio. By the late 1980s, 51 % of the Turkish Cypriot population lived in urban areas. Given the small number of Turkish Cypriots, urban centers were not large. As of 1987, the Turkish Cypriot section of Nicosia had only about 38,000 inhabitants, Famagusta 20,000, and Kyrenia 7,100.

Resettlement was an considerable process that directly involved about two-thirds of the Turkish Cypriot population. Accordingly about 60,000 Turkish Cypriots moved from their places of residence following the establishment of a cease fire in 1974. Most managed to move behind Turkish military lines on their own. Others, required international agreements or diplomatic initiatives to join their ethnic community. About 9,400 Turkish Cypriots took refuge in the British base areas. Another 8,100 came to territory controlled by Turkish forces after negotiations between Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot leaders under United Nations (UN) auspices resulted in an agreement to exchange populations. While all Turkish Cypriots moved to areas controlled by their community, not all Greek Cypriots returned to areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. Most of these Greek Cypriots lived in the Karpas Peninsula.

Contempt the marked decline in agricultural employment, at the end of the 1980s, 49 % of Turkish Cypriots still lived in areas classified as rural. Urbanization was not as considerable as suggested by employment figures. The discrepancy resulted from the small size of the “TRNC.” Many of those who worked in urban areas were able to remain in their villages because the distance between most villages and urban centers was less than an hour’s drive by car. Workers did not migrate to areas of employment, but instead commuted. An effect of commuting between urban and rural areas was that other urban developments, such as changes in attitudes toward education and social values, were more easily diffused than otherwise would have been the case.

Cypriots are very proud of their cultural heritage, which stretches back more than 9000 years. However, you’ll probably find that Cyprus today is more concerned with the events of the last 20 years than those of a millennium ago. The north of the island is busy re-creating itself in the image of Turkey, changing names to Turkish and embracing the life and culture of its northern neighbour. The Republic is also trying to create an independent identity, and many places in the Republic have recently been renamed as well.

Whatever the present-day situation may be, Cyprus is littered with reminders of the island’s history. Relics from every era - Greek temples, Roman mosaics and 15th-century frescoes - influence the artists of today. Many villages specialise in a particular artform, and as you travel around Cyprus you’ll see pottery, silver and copperware, basket weaving, tapestry and Lefkara’s famous lacework.

Like everything else in Cyprus, religion is split along the Green Line. The northerners are mostly Sunni Muslim, the southerners Greek Orthodox. Food, too, reflects the divide: in the North you’ll find mostly Turkish cuisine; in the Republic, Greek. But wherever you are in Cyprus, you’ll come across kleftiko (oven-baked lamb) and mezedes (dips, salads and other appetisers). Cyprus is also famous for its fruit, which the government protects with a ban on imported products. You’ll find strawberries, stone fruit, melons, prickly pear, citrus and grapes